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4. Plantae (Plantae Kingdom):
Features of Plantae Kingdom:
(I) They have cell walls.
(Ii) They are multicelluar Eukaryotes organisms.
(Iii) They are autotrophic organisms and use chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
(Iv) All green plants are placed in this category.
The classification of Planate organisms:
The organism of Plantae kingdom are classified on following basis:
(I) Whether the plant body has well-differentiated, distinct component or not.
(Ii) Whether the differentiated plant body has special tissues for the transportation (conductive tissue) of water and other substances within it.
(Iii) The ability to bear seeds and
(Iv) Whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.
Plantae Kingdom is categorised into five groups:
(1) Thallophyta Group
(2) Bryophyta Group
(3) Pteridophyta Group
(4) Gymnosperm Group
(5) Angiosperm Group
Thalofaita group of organisms of the properties:
(i) Plants that do not have well-differentiated body design fall in this group.
(ii) The plants in this group are commonly called algae.
(iii) These are aquatic plants.
Examples are Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora and Chara
Brayofaita group of organisms of the properties:
(i) These plants are both aquatic and teristetial so this group is called the amphibian of plant kingdom.
(ii) The plant body is commonly differentiated to form stem and leaf-like structures.
(iii) There is no specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another.
(iv) Examples are moss (Funaria) and Marchantia
The features of Pteridophyta:
(i) The plant body is differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.
(ii) It has specialised tissue for the conduction of water and other substances.
(iii) Examples are Marsilea, ferns and horse-tails.
(iv) It has naked embryos that are called spores.
(v) The reproductive organs of plants in all these three groups are very inconspicuous.
The features of Gymnosperms:
(i) This group bear naked seeds.
(ii) These are usually perennial, evergreen and woody.
(iii) Examples – Pines such as Deodar , and Cycas.
The features of Angiosperms:
(i) The seeds develop inside an organ which is modified to become a fruit.
(ii) These are also called flowering plants.
(iii) plant embryos in seeds have structures called cotyledons.
Cryptogamae:
These types of plants have necked embryos that are called spore and they are not able to produce seeds. So these are called Cryptogamae.
Example: Thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes.
Phanerogams: Plants with well-differentiated reproductive tissues that
ultimately make seeds are called phanerogams. Seeds are the result of the reproductive process. They consist of the embryo along with stored food, which serves for the initial growth of the embryo during germination.
Examples: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms etc.
Differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms:
| Gymnosperms | Angiosperms |
|
1. They produce naked seed . 2. These are usually woody plants and perennial evergreen. 3. They have not cotyledons. 4. Example: Pinus and Cycas (Deodar) etc. | |
1. They produce seeds within the fruits. 2. They are flowering plants. 3. Their seeds have cotyledons. 4. Example: Paphiopedilum (Monocots) and Aipomia (Dicots) | |
Endogen and dicotyledonous difference:
|
Endogen |
Two endogen |
|
1. It is a cotyledon | 2. Example: Pefiopedilm |
1. It consists of two cotyledons | 2. Example: Aipomia |
Pteridophyta and Fanrogam difference:
Pteridophyta -
1. They do not have the ability to produce seeds.
2. They have indirect genitalia.
3. Example: Pteridophyata.
Fanrogam -
1. After regenerating process they produce seeds.
2. Reproductive tissues are fully grown or developed.
3. Example, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms.
3. Example: Jimnosprm and Anjiosprm |
Spore (Spore): The thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that are called spores.
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