NCERT Solutions class 7 History Chapter 4. The Mughal Empire NCERT Exercise

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1. Match the following: 

mansab                    Marwar

Mongol                     governor 

Sisodiya Rajput             Uzbeg Rathor 

Rajput                      Mewar              

Nur Jahan                  rank 

subadar                     Jahangir

Answer:

2. Fill in the blanks: 

(a) The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother, was ____________.

(b) The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, ____________ and _________________. 

(c) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his ____________ .

(d) Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea of ____________ so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures and castes.

Answer:

(a)-Kabul, (b)-Bijapur, Golcanda, (c) Cavalrymen, (d) Sulhi-i kul.

3. â€‹What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals? 

Answer:

The central provinces under the control of the Mughals were-Lahore, Panipat, Delhi, Mathura, Agra, Amber, Ajmer, Fatehpur, Sikri, Chittor, Ranathembor and Allahbad. 

4. What was the relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir?

Answer:

(i) Mansabdar were the nobles or the rank holders. They were not paid salaries. Instead they given the right to collect rerevenue from the land granted to them. These lands were called jagirs.                                                    (ii) Often mansabdar had to serve outside their lagirs therefore the revenue from their jagir was collected by their servants.

5. What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration? 

Answer:

(i) The main responsiblity of the zamindar in the Mughal administration was to collect taxes from peasants and submit the same to the central governer's revenue department.                                                                        (ii) Therefore, zamindars were intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains.

6. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance? 

Answer:

(i) The debates with religious scholars, made Akbar realise about the bigotary of religious scholars, as the latter emphaisised on rituals and dogmatic practies.        (ii) Akbar also realised that their teachings created divison and dishamony his subjects.                                                                           (iii) Disenchanted Akbar decided to work to work out new policy of governers in consulation with his trusted friend and counsellor Abul Fazal.                        (iv) As a result, he proposed the idea of sulh-i kul "universal peace" i.e., religious tolernce.     

7. Why did the Mughals emphasise their Timurid and not their Mongol descent? 

Answer:

(i) Mughal did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol because of Genghis Khan's image as mudere of innumerable people.                                           (ii) Also Uzbeg another Mongol tribe was a competitor of Mongols.                 Therefore, Mighals liked to be associated with Timurid descent.

8. How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?

Answer:

(i) The income from the land revenue was the Linchpin of the Mughal Empire's economic system.                                                                  (ii) It was the most important source of income, money, thus, collected was invested on building forts, wars and for the welfare of subjects.                     (iii) It was so important that for the proper calculation of land revenue, Todar Mal took ten years to carry out detailed research in land revenue accounts.

9. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?

Answer: 

(i) Mughals did not want Ttranis and Irans to come together and rebel against the emperor.                                                                           (ii) Mughals also wanted to incorporate the subcontinential people of warrior classes to participate in the running of the mansabdari system.                    Hence, Mughals recruited mansabdars from not only Turanis and Iranis classes but also from Rajputs, Sikhs, Marathas, Daccanis, Afganistan and Indian Muslims. 

10. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration? 

Answer:

No, the cultural and social diversity of India today does not pose a challenge to national integration because today, we have a democratic, republic goverment appointed by the common people of the land through elections.

11. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?

Answer: 

(i) In todays context, peasants do hold an important place in the economy of India. But the other sectors of economy such as, industries, and servises have made a vital place for themselves in the Indian economy.                                 (ii) No.