CBSE NOTES Class 11 Political Science Book II Chapter-Chapter 3. Equality Chapter-3

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Chapter 3. Equality 

The meaning of equality: equality of the context in which we are considering in the context of treating the goods . 

Types of Equality: 

1. Natural equality 

2. Social equality 

3. civil legal equality 

4. Political Equality 

5. economic equality 

1. Natural equality: natural equality is the equality of every human being is naturally . 

- Like all human beings are equal in nature, ie, naturally we all are human beings . 

2. Social equality: means social equality in society without any race, religion, Vrnsh, gender and color of a person in society is of equal treatment and social opportunities . With all the stuff going on in society and all social behavior is to find opportunities for social equality, it says . 

3. Civil legal equality: all people have rights that legally things are equal before the law of all persons equality under the law for any person, race, religion, ethnicity, race and gender does not make any distinction on the basis of such equality is civil legal equality . 

4. Political equality: equal political rights to all citizens by the state, it says political equality . All political rights means the right to vote, the right to choose a government of their choice, the right to participate in political activities, etc. have the right to select or fight . 

5. Economic equality: economic equality means that a person needs to meet all of their basic equal employment, equal pay, business and equally have the right to economic equality, economic equality such calls . 

Liberalism: 

Affirmative action: the establishment of equality and affirmative action means the government immediately take concrete steps to increase the types of Ecclesiastes, which promote equality of society . Go to the underprivileged communities with special facilities . 

equality before the law : 

Equality before the law means the constitution and laws are the same for all citizens . Someone big or small for him, tall or Nicha, educated or uneducated, rich or poor, is not the same in his eyes and he does not discriminate on the grounds of a common vision and that protects all of . Article 14 of the Constitution states that everyone is equal before the law . 

The importance of equality: 

(I) must be equality for freedom .

(Ii) the similarity between being a citizen race, religion, language, race, color and does not discriminate by gender . 

(Iii) social justice and social equality to be gaining independence is very important . 

(Iv) equality is essential to democracy, the rule of law or in the good of democracy is of no value .

(V) that the fundamental rights of equality is also of significance . 

(Vi) the development of equality for all has to have . 

Features of equality: 

(I) the absence of equality is being privileges . 

(Ii) the development and equal opportunities are available to all .

(Iii) the minimum requirements may have a chance . 

(Iv) increases the suitability of rational differentiation . 

(V) the goods to allow for equality and inequality in Asmanon . 

Moderate elements of equality:

(1) individuals give their merit award .

(2) Adoption of the principle of competition .

(3) The minimum living standard guarantee for each person . 

Marxist equality elements: 

(1) Government control of the means of production and distribution 

(2) providing equal opportunities to all development . 

Political equality measures: 

(1) economic equality for everyone .

(2) the spread of political education . 

(3) the rule of law to be .

(4) freedom of the press .

(5) to democratic governance . 

Measures to establish economic equality: 

(1) equitable distribution of wealth 

(2) control the means of production 

(3) The Committee of property rights 

(4) Economic security 

(5) equal pay for equal work arrangement . 

Measures taken by the Government of India for social equality: 

(1) equality before the law (Article o 14) .

(2) abolition of untouchability (R o 17) .

(3) Parliament and assemblies provides for reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes . 

(4) Government Services SC, Isti, and OBC reservation .

(5) 33 per cent reservation for women in local governance (ANU o 73-74) .

Measures to promote equality:

(i) the Constitution: The Constitution of huge importance in establishing equality . Promote equality by the Constitution may be .

(ii) the rule of law: the rule of law is set to increase equality . The rule of law is the same for everyone because the meaning of the law and all are equal for the law . 

(iii) decentralization of powers: the power to establish the equality of powers should be decentralized . All the people in the state, groups must include .

(iv) Free Press: Justice and Equality is very essential for press freedom . Free to express ideas freely press . 

Socialism : 

When the purpose of ruling of a state is not personal or limited to the some persons, this management should be for only social welfare then it is called socialism.