CBSE NOTES Class 11 Political Science Book II Chapter-Chapter 2. Freedom Chapter-2

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Chapter 2. Freedom 

The definition of freedom: the freedom of an individual or society puts undue restrictions on the free provision . 

Therefore, we can say that all restrictions are not unreasonable .Restrictions Many individuals and society development, social system, maintain social security and state are made for peace . 

Natural freedom means: freedom from natural means: the man prior to the origin of the state of which he was naturally full freedom .According to Rousseau, "Man is born free but everywhere he is tied up in bondage . 

Types of freedom: 

(i) personal freedom: a person's thinking and actions by government and society undue restrictions on personal freedom is called free system . 

(ii) political freedom: the right to vote to choose their representatives to the person and the right to join or create a party or parties and the right to be elected to the Legislature called all political freedom .

(iii) economic freedom: freedom from hunger and poverty, and that any trade or business is called economic freedom, and the right to choose . 

(iv) Freedom of expression: a person or a society without Phuँchayen sentiments to express his freedom of expression or freedom of expression say . 

"Long Walk to Freedom," a book written by former South African President Nelson Mandela .

"Freedom from Fear" book is written by Aung San Suu Kyi .Myanmar that he was a resident . 

"On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill wrote the book . 

Source of restrictions: -

1. Legal restrictions (legislation)

2. The social restrictions (social inequality)

Loss principle: John Stuart Mill, in his book "On Liberty," which raised the issue in her loss in political theory-the theory is known . 

According to this theory:

"For someone to act individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of self-defense is the only goal. A member of the civil society that justifies the use of force against the will only protect against harm to any other purpose may be."

Others functions: they work other whose effect these actions will have on the person .

Mill argues that Swsnbddh work and decisions in state or an external power is not required to intervene . 

- Such a person says that it is all about me you do not need to intervene or they say they will do so as my mind it would be my job .But when all these Swsnbddh work independently without influence over other . 

Bounded work: Management work which they are subject in addition to the impact on the rest of the people 

Negative concept of liberty: (a) negative freedom means the absence of any restriction (b) of the state control over the individual is fairly limited (c) The best government is the least government, according to (d) freedom that hinder the supply of individual freedom, the law of the negative Avdharnake 

Positive concept of freedom: (a) positive freedom means the absence of restrictions is not (b) the freedom of the individual, social, economic and political development in the state can intervene to (c) according to the state for the welfare of citizens by law has the right to intervene in all areas (d) the concept of the person according to the law that is in freedom Vriddhi 

Social Boundation: The boundation on a people society or on a caste is called Social Boundation. Some species, like much of India was not to go to the temple so that the freedom of the individual freedom of the individual is less than freedom. 

The state's role in maintaining civil liberties: 

1. Democratic governance 

2. Fundamental rights 

3. Rule of Law 

4. judiciary independence 

5. Decentralization of powers 

6. powerful opposition party 

7. Economic Equality 

8. Lack of privilege 

9. Public awareness 

10. Independent Media

Two leaders who fought for national independence Name:

(I), Mahatma Gandhi (India) 

(Ii) Nelson Mandela (South Africa)

The sanctions require that: 

(I) for the personal development of each individual in society . 

(Ii) to prevent arbitrary .

(Iii) prevent chaos in society and to maintain law and order . 

Four protectors of freedom: 

(i) the establishment of democracy: democracy, freedom of citizens to ensure that the installation is in the state . Freedom is very important to establish the existence of democracy . The power source is the public opinion in a democracy and the rule is run on the basis of .Government taking away my freedom in a democracy can easily be removed by election . 

(Ii) Declaration of Fundamental Rights: freedom, security can be ensured only when the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the fundamental rights of citizens should be given the same rights . Written rights and freedoms in the Constitution the government can not simply violate .

(iii) decentralization of powers: the decentralization of powers to the defense of freedom is very important . Concentration of powers in the state leads to tyranny . There is corruption, which grows and oppressed citizen . 

(iv) independent judiciary: the constitutional protection of civil liberties, he does have a judiciary . This requires that the judiciary is independent and fair justice . Nyaypalika protect the civil rights and fundamental rights . 

According to liberal freedoms: the freedom of liberal means, that human life is not an arbitrary power, control and freedom to conduct its discretion . He believes that the increased scope of the freedom of the individual is limited .