Solutions Chapter 10. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations - NCERT Exercise | Class 7 History - Toppers Study

Solutions Chapter 10. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations - NCERT Exercise | Class 7 History - Toppers Study

1. Match the following:
subadar     a revenue farmer
faujdar      a high noble
ijaradar      provincial governor
misl        Maratha peasant warriors
chauth      a Mughal military commander
kunbis       a band of Sikh warriors
umara       tax levied by the Marathas

Answer:

2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the____________________.
(b) Umara and jagirdars constituted powerfulsections of the Mughal __________________.
(c) Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in_____________________.
(d) The founder of the Awadh state was______________________.

Answer:

(a) Deccan, (b) noblity, (c) 1724, (d) Sa,adat Khan
3. State whether true or false:
(a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
(b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
(c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru ofthe Sikhs.
(d) Poona became the capital of the Marathas inthe eighteenth century.

Answer:

(a) False, (b) False, (c) True, (d) True. 
4. What were the offices held by Sa‘adat Khan?

Answer:

Sa'adat Khan held the offices of Subadari, diwani and faujadari. In other words,he was responsible for managing the political, financial and military affairs of the province of Awadh.  
5. Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to doaway with the jagirdari system?

Answer:

(i) Under the jagirdari system, revenue was collected by thye jagadirs appointed by the Mughal emperor.                                                               (ii) By abolishing emperor-appointed jagidars the selling Nawabaof Awadh and Bengal tried to take the revenue department under their control.
6. How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenthcentury?

Answer:

(i) Their combined forces were known as the grand army.                        (ii) The entire body used to meet at Amritsar at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali to take collective decisions.                                                          (iii) A system called rakhi was introduced offering protection to cultivatiors on the payment of a tax a 20 percent of the produce.            
7. Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?

Answer:

Marathas wanted to established their unquestioned rule over the subcontinent. Theyalso earned untold booty andrecourses from the wars they fought. Therefore, they wanted to expand beyond Deccan.
8. What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah tostrengthen his position?

Answer:

(i) He brought skilled soldiers and adminstrators from northen India who welcomed the new opportunities in the south.                                                 (ii) He appointed manabdar and granted jagir.                                    (iii) He worked independently of the Mughal Emperor. 
9. Do you think merchants and bankers today have thekind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?

Answer:

Yes.