Notes 9. The living organisms and their surroundings - page 2 | Class 6 Science - Toppers Study

   Lesson-9  The living organism and their surroundings

1. Fishes breathe: Fishes breathe through gills.

2. Habitats: The surroundings where organisms live.

3. Adaptation: The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or animals to live in its surrounding.

4. Terrestrial animals: The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial animals.

5. Aquatic habitats: Plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitats. Ponds, swamps, lakes, rivers and oceans are some examples of aquatic habitats.

6. Biotic components: The living things such as plants and animals, in a habitat, are its biotic components.

7. Abiotic components: various non-living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in the habitat constitute its abiotic components.

8. Germination: Germination is the beginning of a new plant, when the seed turned into a sprout.

9. Organisms in various habitats: There change in abiotic factors of various habitats. Animals adapt to different abiotic factors in different ways. Those animals which cannot adapt to these changes die out, and only the adapted ones survive. The result is variety of organisms present in different habitats.

10. Common characteristics of the living things: Living things need food, they respire and, excrete, respond to their environment, reproduce, grow and show movement.

11. Organs do they breathe: They breathe in air through nostrils or blowholes.

12. Excretion: The process of getting rid of these wastes by the living organisms is known as excretion.

13. Stimuli: Changes in our surroundings that makes us respond to them, are called stimuli.

14. Desert plants: Cactus is desert plants.

15. Photosynthesis take place: Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.

16. Stem in cactus. There are stem in desert:-

1. Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.
2. The stem helps to retain water.

17. Acclimatisation: Small changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods, to overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings.

18. Cactus adapted to survive in a desert: Cactus is a desert plant in which leaves are absent or very small. This helps in reducing loss of water from the leaves through transpiration. The leaf-like structure you see in a cactus is, in fact, its stem. Photosynthesis in these plants is usually carried out by the stems. The stem is also covered with a thick waxy layer, which helps to retain water. Thus cactus adapted to survive in a desert.