Notes 2. Acids, Bases and Salts - Neutralisation Reaction | Chemical properties of Acid and Base | Class 10 Science - Toppers Study

Notes 2. Acids, Bases and Salts - Neutralisation Reaction | Chemical properties of Acid and Base | Class 10 Science - Toppers Study

Neutralisation Reaction:

The reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralisation reaction.

In general, a neutralisation reaction can be written as –
Base    +    Acid        →      Salt     +     Water

Reaction With Acids and Bases: 

Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid produces common salt (Sodium chloride) and water. 

NaOH(aq)           +           HCl(aq)       →      NaCl(aq)         +         H₂O(l)

(Sodium Hydroxide)   (Hydrochloric Acid)     (Sodium Chloride)           (water) 

Sodium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid produce Sodium Nitrate and water.

NaOH(aq)          +          HNO₃ (aq)      →    NaNO₃ (aq)    +     H₂O (l)

(Sodium Hydroxide)         (Nitric Acid)              (Sodium Nitrate)     (Water)  

Sodium hydroxide reacts with Sulphuric acid produce Sodium Sulphate and water.

NaOH(aq)         +            H₂SO₄​         →     NaSO₄(aq)       +   H₂O(l) 

(Sodium Hydroxide)      (Sulphuric Acid)      (Sodium Sulphate)      (water) 

Reaction of Metal-oxides with acid :

​Metal-oxides are basic in nature so they react with acids give salt and water, just like Neutralisation reaction.

Iron III oxide reacts with sulphuric acid gives Iron sulphate and water. 

Fe₂O₃         +        3 H₂SO₄            →           Fe₂ (SO₄)₃      +        3 H₂O 

(Ferrous III Oxide)       (Sulphuric Acid )        ( Ferrous Sulphate)     (Water)

Copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid gives copper chloride and water. 

CuO            +          2HCl                 →           CuCl₂             +         H₂O

(Copper Oxide)    (Hydrochloric Acid)     (Copper Chloride)     (Water)

Calcium Oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid produces calcium chloride and water.   

CaO(aq)       +    2HCl(aq)        →         CaCl₂ (aq)     +       H₂​O(l)

(Calcium Oxide)    (Hydrochloric Acid)    (Calcium Chloride)       (Water) 

Reaction of bases and non-metalic oxides: 

Non-metalic oxides are acidic in nature which react with base form salt and water which is same as neutralisation reaction. 

Base        +         Non-metalic Oxide        →      Salt            +           water

Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gives sodium carbinate and water. 

2NaOH(aq)    +          CO₂ (g)                  →      Na₂CO₃(s)    +       H₂O

(sodium Hydroxide)    (Carbon dioxide)          (Sodium carbonate)       (water)